- 1883 – Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator was born
- 1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish UN Secretary-General, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
- 1948 – After a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics opened in London, United Kingdom
- 1954 – The Fellowship of the Ring, the first part of The Lord of the Rings, is published in the UK
- 1957 – The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is established
- 1958 – The U.S. Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- 1981 – Lady Diana Spencer marries Charles, Prince of Wales
- 2003 – Foday Sankoh, the Sierra Leonean rebel leader died
- 2005 – Astronomers discover 10th planet
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